henry flagler daughter

Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. The Washington Post. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! Carrie died at the age of 3. 1. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Mary Harkness Flagler was the sweet, unpretentious first wife of Henry. She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. In the kerosene industry, Standard Oil replaced the old distribution system with its own vertical system. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Standiford, Les. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. (However, when Harry Flagler was asked about this later, he denied that Ida Alice had ever been his mother's nurse.). She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. It was first established in Ohio. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. He was a founder of Standard Oil. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. Ida. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. [8] By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day (1,600m3/d). In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. Smith would not sell, but he planted the seed of St. Augustine's and Florida's future in Flagler's mind. Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. Henry Flagler's first visit to Florida was in the winter of 1878-9. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . The Bingham-Flagler marriage (and questions about her death or possible murder) figured prominently in several books that appeared in the 1980s, when the Bingham family sold the newspaper in the midst of great acrimony. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. Pennzoil and Chevron have remained separate companies. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. Henry Flagler and his wife Ida Alice traveled to Jacksonville, Florida for their honeymoon. Henry's birth heralded the beginning of a decade and perhaps a new start for his family. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. Covert, Robert. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Imagine how many different perspectives a group of people can have about the same topic. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. It was Flagler's idea to use the rebate system to strengthen the firm's position against competitors and the transporting enterprises alike. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. The mausoleum adjacent to the church is where Flagler, his daughter, granddaughter and first wife are buried. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. In general, government officials (especially Andrew Anderson) permitted Flagler to widen the roads and to dredge marshes to establish neighborhoods. He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. May 17, 2018. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. Racked with bronchitis and unable to do much for herself, Mary joined Henry in the Buckingham Hotel. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. Along with that, Henry Flagler being referred to as a 'Robber Baron' alongside businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller is no exaggeration. Gainesville, FL. His mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Morrison Harkness. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. Seasons 4, 6-7. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. MLA: VisitStAugustine.com. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . [34] Although her work prompted a huge backlash against the company, Tarbell claims to have been surprised at its magnitude. 101 - 123). Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. Mrs. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. To add to the sting, Henry 'Harry' Flagler was generally known as Harry Harkness, showing more deference for his mother than his father. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. It was a small town of roughly 1,000 individuals, but familial connections led to a job at a general store. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. (2022). Henry Flagler is a famous Entrepreneurwho has a net worth of $60 Million. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. And even Thomas Edison had his hand in this project, having been responsible for wiring the entirety of the Hotel Ponce de Leon with electricity. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. . (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). Volume 86, Number 514, 1893. She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. "[56], A congressional investigation in 1909 concluded that "there had been little immigrant peonage in the South and none in the [railway camps] camps in the Keys. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York on January 2nd, 1830 to Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. Julia was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849 to Ephraim Sturtevant and his wife. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . We correct them as soon as they come to our knowledge. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. [16] The railroad, seeing Standard's incursion into the transportation and pipeline fields, struck back and formed a subsidiary to buy and build oil refineries and pipelines. St. Augustine, Florida Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. It was Henry M. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Instead of attending lunch with his fellow businessmen, he took to hosting grand parties at his new summer estate (which was ominously named "Satan's Toe"). In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. Flagler County, Florida, Flagler Beach, Florida and Flagler, Colorado are also named for him. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. Flagler also worked as a grain merchant. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. After his first wife's death, Flagler developed a . Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. While in this state he met his good pastor, to whom, being soundly upbraided for his condition, he replied, 'I've been giving all my days to the Lord hitherto, and now I'm taking one for myself. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. APA: VisitStAugustine.com. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. 2. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. Flagler suffered additional family tragedies when his oldest daughter died from complications of childbirth in 1899. 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Times as henry-flagler ) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002 spread the deceitful news Flagler. [ 7 ] the Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time being barely any of Ida Alice was thirty-seven Henry.

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