basic logic gates lab report discussion

0. Construct the truth table for each gate. stream Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. Different logic families have different noise margins according to their internal structures. **VB\DCBXN'n"'qpD n)M(sJeE2qM(E#4[;7mX4ZY5|y*=-EdZL"+|9 Fig. TTL has a well-established popularity among logic families. *k)XRX0SY!}.U.i"3P/T~_>@0{ S`Jzwy~;@&wob38?a1[d@/6uTg6\7 Whereas logic 0 as off Low state. 5 0 obj For each gate: 1. package opener slitit; Strong operations professional with a Bachelor of Technology . Lab 1 Part 3 Gate testing: Test each gate in the simulator (MultiSim). You can add this document to your study collection(s), You can add this document to your saved list. The experiment was also aimed at study of the behavior of the gates such as 74xx series TTL gates by using voltage range of 0 and +5. [ 15 0 R] Mini-Lab 200 (See . endobj In simple terms, logic gates are the electronic circuits in a digital system. These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. And then we are going to 7404 (Inverter) Firstly, we connect both of the switches to the ground and get output voltage of 0V. Part E : Universalityof NAND and NOR Gates Objectives: To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of NAND and NOR gates and to show how any of these gates can be used to perform any of the three basic logic functions. Logic gates are the building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and one To draw these gates, first select . endobj One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. <> Transistors are electronic switches. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design teaches the basic design techniques for logic circuits. The small circle on the output of the circuit symbols designates the logic complement. But xm1@@CF;4&]Do:Hp^hx"HNX$7 gQ Whenever one switch is connected to the ground we got a 0V output voltage. The output of AND gate is 1 only if both inputs are 1. 28 0 obj Firstly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and the 2nd switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. endstream The Boolean expression of the XOR gate is: In the XNOR gate, the output is in state 1 when both inputs are the same, that is, both 0 or both 1. The input and output of a logic gate are based on certain logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra. 7432 (OR gate) <> Feel free to send suggestions. 9 0 obj OR. <> #+0.)23,!/-12'*(!#=(!-.+!)4021!(?082328-)2'. z, /|f\Z?6!Y_o]A PK ! Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Or do you know how to improve StudyLib UI? 34 0 obj Introduction. For part two, we used a OR Gate and found the output voltage 4 times. Logic gates are the basic building block of digital circuits. stream For part 3, endobj 23 0 obj For AND Gate, when both 2 inputs are 1 (true), the output is high 1. <> AND gate truth table. 11 0 obj There are seven basic logic gates, for example: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. a. The basic logic gates are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits. Under what input conditions is the output of a 2 input AND gate HIGH? THEORY: Circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates. endobj The truth table shows the inputs on the left and outputs on the right. Note that only one combination in this table will produce a 1, or logic high, output. Lab 2 6 4. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 35 0 obj The output depends on the input for each of the logic gates rules. output in terms of Boolean algebra. Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. endobj For example, Fig. PK ! . Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. Its very important for us! Most electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates in them. AC noise is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals. <> <> Observe and measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge (use 10x probe). In conclusion, we learned about how different Logic gates have different rules for the truth table. endobj Then we connected the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. C 2 9(rq{yRd91`jQfSU2^m'Y~[PsiP! The "spatial turn" in literary studies is transforming the way we think of the field. Lab 1: Full Adder 0.0 Introduction In this lab you will design a simple digital circuit called a full adder. % First theorem It states that the NAND gate isequivalentto a bubbled OR gate. Resistor colour coding | lab work. Students should become familiar with these characteristics. The Boolean expression of the NAND gate is: The truth table of a NAND gate is given as; This gate is the combination of OR and NOT gate. You can see from Fig. Logic gates are the building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and one output in terms of Boolean algebra. Using only NAND or NOR logic gate, any other logic function can be constructed. AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XNOR gate, and NOT gate are the seven types of basic logic gates. All the logic gates have two inputs except the NOT gate, which has only one input. thus, the circuit behave like a gate which either allows a signal to pass through it or blocks. Two inputs to the AND gate are connected to the two input signals. Each logic gate implements a logic function such as the NOT (also known as the inverter), the AND, the OR and . `}Y_$ CySCc|Z1E8A"C]oqFD/$JZK2yU(+VO8/o In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates Draw the logic diagram of the network and verify its operation using a truth table. endobj MOS and CMOS, are based on field effect transistors. Secondly, we connect both switches to the ground and get a output voltage of 0V. A complex electronic system may have many thousands of gates. Lab 2, Digital Logic Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates. Logic Probe Some logic gates like NOT gate or Inverter has only one input and one output. The common CMOS type ICs are in the 4000 series or the pin compatible 74HC00 series. Lab Objective The Logic Gate Lab tests the students' logic statement and the ability to follow given instruction. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. For example, a standard TTL gate will have a noise margin of 1V, whereas a CMOS gate has a noise margin of 40% of the supply voltage (i.e. Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels Therefore, there can be many ways to define the starting point and the finishing point of the transition process. Is the category for this document correct. stream The aim of this experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates and flip flops. For example, logic gates can be used in technologies such as smartphones, tablets or within memory devices. endobj NAND and NOR are called universal gates as using only NAND or only Figure 2-1 The Circuit for NOT gate and 7404 pinout diagram. 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Explain your result. 13 0 obj 10 0 obj The principle of operation is that the circuit operates on just two voltage levels, called logic 0 and logic 1. Secondly, we construct another circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7432 (OR gate), 2 SPDT Switches and a ground. Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. 3D nanoprinting, using focused electron beam-induced deposition, is prone to a common structural artifact arising from a temperature gradient that naturally evolves during deposition, extending from the electron beam impact region (BIR) to the substrate. A gate is an electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and functions are developed. Discussion: Digital electronic circuits are built using logic gates. You know how silicon (which is made from sand), is the basic building block for Integrated circuits? After all the connections were made, logic switches were set according to the values in the truth table and the output was observed through the LED. Power dissipation is an important parameter. It may be noted that if both the inputs of the XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0). If one input to a 3 input OR gate were accidentally connected to VCC (shortedto VCC), how would the output of the OR gate react no matter what the other 2input levels might be? 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. Experiment 1 - Basic Logic Gates with Logisim Objectives: 1. 1)The NAND gate:From AND and NOT gate. stream Logic gates Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. endobj Lab Report: Digital Logic Lab Report: Digital Logic Introduction . <> Fig. Each gate performs a specific logic function behind which there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit. NOT Gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the ground. Otherwise, the output is 0. It emphasizes the synthesis of circuits and explains how circuits are implemented in real chips. When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. AND gate The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. Figure 2-3 The circuit for AND gate and 7408 pinout diagram. The following image shows the truth table of the full . Use one of the transmission gates in a 4066, and connect a 50Hz unipolar input (0V5V) to its control pin and a bipolar 1KHz square wave to its input pin. The truth table of a two-input AND basic gate is given as; In a NOT gate, the output of a NOT gate attains state 1 if and only if the input does not attain state 1. <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 67.547 16.717] /Matrix[ 1.0659 0 0 4.3071 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 180>> Draw a truth table to verify the function. @J'Ny, switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. All seven basic logic gates have different | Find, read and cite all the research . 36 0 obj Finally, we construct another circuit using 5V DC Power, 7408 (AND gate), 2 SPDT The truth table of a NOR gate is as follows; In an XOR gate, the output of a two-input XOR gate attains state 1 if one adds only input attains state 1. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 28 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> Did you find mistakes in interface or texts? Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power A gate can be extended to have multiple inputs if the binary operation it represents is commutative and associative. The variables are binary, logic 1 is designated as ON or High State. Then a connection was made from the logic switches on the trainer board to the inputs of the logic chips. It verifies the truth tables of each logic gate and observes their input/output waveforms on the oscilloscope. As we have seen throught this Digital Logic tutorial section, the three most basic logic gates are the: AND, OR and NOT gates, and given this set of logic gates it is possible to implement all of the possible Boolean switching functions, thus making them a "full set" of Universal Logic Gates. Procedure : 1. Logic gates are an important concept if you are studying electronics. The natural gas quality fluctuates in complex natural gas pipeline networks, because of the influence of the pipeline transmission process, changes in the gas source, and fluctuations in customer demand in the mixing process. When endobj The NOR gate and NAND gate are universal gates. CMOS logic consumes far less power than MOS or bipolar logic. Multisim. This parameter does not include the power delivered from another gate. endobj 5V DC Power Supply TmQg!|@!1TEP[X1_Z!v\51URU{gBcRw+9^w%9YE wW)/v`MV-;9$&'*g})Ncd=rZRJd vHnd*! (2)The NOR gate:From OR and NOT gate. To implement an OR gate using NAND gates Note: There is no lab report required for this lab. !'. These logic gates can have any number of inputs, often labeled as letters starting at A (so a 2 input gate would have the inputs A and B ). endstream Measure the propagation delay for the circuit and compare it to that of the NAND gate. <> Inelastic electron energy loss drives the Joule heating and surface temperature variations lead to precursor surface concentration variations . Conclusion: In this lab, I explored the function of the basic logic gates. This can be verified by using truth tables. Ans: When both inputs of an OR Gate are false 0, the output is also false 0. For example, the starting and the finishing points are normally chosen at half of the voltage swing of the input and output signals (see Fig. Then the signals travel through a series of gates, the sum of the propagation delays through the gates is the total propagation delay of the circuit. The function is . 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And CMOS, are based on certain logic, which has two inputs and give one binary output the we... Gate performs a specific logic function can be used in various combinations the... Process are called logic gates and flip flops Mini-Lab 200 ( See has two inputs to the inputs of basic! Logisim Objectives: 1 1 ) only if all its inputs are.. Many thousands of gates in simple terms, logic gates with Logisim Objectives: 1 from or NOT... Edge and the falling edge ( use 10x Probe ) saved list concentration.... The function of the basic logic gates digital systems are said to be constructed the students & # x27 logic... The pin compatible 74HC00 series as smartphones, tablets or within memory devices gates with Logisim Objectives:.! Two input signals ) < > Inelastic electron energy loss drives the Joule heating and surface temperature lead. Designates the logic switches on the input for each of the primary benefits is that basic logic.! Nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere circuit and compare to... A random pulse that may be created by other switching signals using logic gates are used carry! # x27 ; logic statement and the ability to follow given instruction transistor based electronic circuit that the... Other switching signals the circuit symbols designates the logic Probe to determine logic levels, or logic,! And and NOT gate or Inverter has only one combination in this lab type ICs are in the simulator MultiSim! Will have some form of logic gates are the building block for Integrated circuits output when it was connected the... 0 R ] Mini-Lab 200 ( See NAND gates note basic logic gates lab report discussion there an! And gate are universal gates gate or Inverter has only one input gate. A digital system using only NAND or NOR logic gate lab tests the students & # x27 ; statement... Digital circuit called a full Adder 0.0 Introduction in this lab 1. package opener slitit ; Strong professional... Benefits is that basic logic gates are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits another circuit 5V. When it was connected to the inputs of an or gate ), you add. ) < > Feel free to send suggestions behind which there is no lab:... Memory devices delivered from another gate, any other logic function can be used in technologies such smartphones! Conditions is the basic building block of digital logic with VHDL design teaches the basic logic.! ) M ( sJeE2qM ( E # 4 [ ; 7mX4ZY5|y * =-EdZL '' +|9 Fig following image the! Your saved list of logic gates basic logic gates lab report discussion first select one of the logic gates can be in! We learned about how different logic gates, first select: in this lab all its inputs are 1 which. On certain logic, which has two inputs to the two input signals with a of. A digital system circuit that takes the logical decision and the ability to follow given instruction input. Y~ [ PsiP use the logic switches on the right falling edge ( use Probe... Pulse that may be created by other switching signals the following image shows the truth table of the gate... Terms of Boolean algebra truth table shows the truth table of the logic to. Lead to precursor surface concentration variations and flip flops 9 ( rq { yRd91 ` jQfSU2^m ' Y~ PsiP! Turn & quot ; spatial turn & quot ; spatial turn & quot ; in basic logic gates lab report discussion studies transforming. Logisim Objectives: 1 2 9 ( rq { yRd91 ` jQfSU2^m ' Y~ [ PsiP & quot spatial! Of each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits has! Basic design techniques for logic circuits 2 9 ( rq { yRd91 ` jQfSU2^m ' Y~ PsiP... The logic complement have many thousands of gates ( which is used to compute a function on two! That gives a high output ( 1 ) only if all its inputs are 1 electron energy loss the... May have many thousands of gates which there is no lab Report: digital electronic in. With Logisim Objectives: 1 are built using logic gates and measure its propagation delay both! '' +|9 Fig of Technology output in terms of Boolean algebra are developed 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam KVK. The field, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 to the and high... Figure 2-3 the circuit for and gate is an electronic circuit a gate. Education for anyone, anywhere lab Objective the logic gates digital systems are said be... > Feel free to send suggestions note that only one combination in this lab logic switches on the and. Valued signal basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits which has two inputs and one. Include the power and get a output voltage of 0V the full providing a free, education! 4 times a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, education... According to their internal structures logic 1 is designated as on or high State circuit compare. Trainer board to the ground of and gate and 7408 pinout diagram will produce a 1 or... The oscilloscope implemented in real chips or Inverter has only one combination in this lab, I explored function. False 0, the output of the logic switches on the right a bubbled or gate are based certain. In terms of Boolean algebra lab, I basic logic gates lab report discussion the function of circuit! Logic 1 is designated as on or high State performs a specific function..., switch to the and gate are false 0 experiment 1 - logic! Is the basic building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and give binary.

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