corporate buyback blackout period 2022

United Airlines Soars Ahead of EarningsTime to Deplane? Last year was a record in total dollars used to buy back stock, but 2022 looks to take the top spot ahead of the new 1% buyback excise tax starting in January. Market Correction Tied to Turkish Contagion Cries Continue: Alliterations! The answer: Corporate buybacks ramped up., As BofAML discusses further, buying was led by corporate buybacks, as all other groups (hedge funds, institutional and retail clients) were net sellers of equities for the 2nd week in a row as trade skirmishes flare up.. With the consumer still strong and corporate profits expected to be up at least 10% in 2022, buyback watchers see the potential for another record year in 2022. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace. Soo Hwang is Of Counsel in Orrick's Santa Monica office and a member of the firm's Capital Markets practice. According to data from S&P Dow Jones Indices, stock buybacks by companies in the S&P 500 index climbed to $720.4 billion in the 12 months ended in September 2018, with about $203 billion in Q3. 0000019064 00000 n The former Corporate Secretary and head of the Corporate Legal Group at Microsoft, as well as a long-time litigator, Carolyn Frantz helps clients address a range of legal issues, including those related to corporate governance, ESG, and public policy. endobj A company can execute a stock buyback in one of two ways: Although they are not necessarily the reason that companies issue a buyback, there are a few fundamental metrics that will change when a company issues a stock buyback. Their latest proposal found my attention over the weekend, as it surfaced on Twitter (TWTR). Why is this you might ask? The following commentary was issued in our weekly Research Report on March 24, 2019 titled Yield Curve Inverts, Taking Equity Markets Down: What Next? (Subscription required) The report aimed to outline the truisms and falsehoods surrounding share repurchase programs, otherwise known as buybacks. Insider trading is using non-public information to profit or to prevent a loss in the stock market. Buybacks also can signal that a company has strong finances -- or at least enough cash on hand to repurchase shares. endobj 0000005957 00000 n Thats why I urge you to read this important message Typically, this is at the discretion of the company's blackout period's rules. For example, its a fairly common practice for companies to borrow money to execute its share buybacks. Companies would also have to disclose whether their Section 16 officers or directors purchased or sold shares or other units subject to the repurchase plan within 10 business days before or after the announcement of a repurchase plan or program covering the same class of securities. For more trends in fixed income, visit the Advisor Solutions Channel. Finom Group wouldnt even bother going beyond the already outlined due diligence exercise if it werent for the desire to evidence the non-issue of blackout periods, but why not do so. Despite the safe harbor provision, the company must report repurchases in compliance with the various regulations. Sign up for MarketBeat All Access to gain access to MarketBeat's full suite of research tools: Below you will find a list of companies that have recently announced share buyback programs. The company does not report again until late September, so you can expect to see the company continue buying back its shares through the rest of the summer. Another key factor in share repurchases this year has been the Trump administrations tax cut, which freed up more corporate capital for things like buybacks. View the latest news, buy/sell ratings, SEC filings and insider transactions for your stocks. The chart below highlights the date of publication for Bloombergs 2015 buyback article. Why Does a Company Buyback Its Own Stock? PepsiCo is the Winner, Here's Why. 2021. A former Rhodes Scholar, Carolyn clerked for Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor and D.C. Corporate buybacks have become an important part of the equity cycle throughout this long bull run. That being said, most listed companies do prohibit directors and specific employees who might have important insider information from trading in the weeks ahead of earnings releases. 2023 Federal Reserve Blackout Periods January 21-Feb. 2 March 11-23 April 22-May 4 June 3-15 July 15-27 September 9-21 October 21-November 2 December 2-14 Reference: FOMC Policies and Meeting Dates FOMC Policy on External Communications of Committee Participants (PDF) ML!@f9\@f W,{@?-JXKPKXKPKXKPKXKPKXKPKG%P#+!A `29`#G !3+E9(sPAC`9_zmhG;5mvq>}~p So-called quiet periods actually exist in reference to two situations for companies that issue public stock shares. Smaller companies may find dividends to be impractical and would rather participate in a share repurchase program. %PDF-1.4 % On December 15, 2021, the SEC issued for public comment two separate proposals that will, if adopted, significantly affect how corporate directors, officers and employees trade securities of their companies and how companies repurchase their own shares. Can you believe that? ", Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, it is illegal for any director or executive officer of an issuer of any equity security (unless the security is exempt) from buying, selling, or otherwise acquiring or transferring securities during a pension plan blackout period, if they acquired the security in connection with their employment. . Clients were net sellers of single stocks (2nd straight week) but continued to buy ETFs (8th straight week). The high level of investor interest in the end of the buyback blackout period can be observed by simply looking at Google Trends data. The DB chart offered has no basis of reality on how corporate buyback plans work or the fact that the notion of a blackout period is only a notion of sentiment and has no reference to any SEC rule. Some of those stocks have outperformed. Also, as a matter of good corporate hygiene, you should ensure that you have policies and procedures in place so that any insiders that are considered affiliated purchasers do not engage in transactions that can undermine the Rule 10b-18 safe harbor. When Does the Buyback Blackout Period End? It was offered in the article titled A Binary Outcome From Trade Talks Looms. Analysts were previously forbidden from publishing research on IPOs beforehand and for up to 40 days afterward. 98 0 obj Courtesy of ZeroHedge View original post here. Deutsche Bank estimates the average weekly share repurchase amount at about $15 billion when there are no buyback blackout periods in place. As Seth likes to say, A good volatility trader is a good economist., 2023 Finom Group | Website by: Ocala Website Designs LLC, or The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) doesn't actually prohibit executives from buying or selling stock ahead of earnings announcements, so long as the company's legally required disclosures are up to date. . Unofficially, a companys buyback blackout period generally lasts from the last two weeks of the quarter until after 48 hours it announces the quarters earnings results. Maybe we wait until markets pull back after the big institutional money flows are finished allocating Tuesday-Thursday next week. As the rationale for repurchases may soon have to be disclosed, it is increasingly important to make sure appropriate rationales can be articulated, and have been documented at the time decisions are made. Cathie Wood Is Buying These Stocks, Should You? He has significant experience advising public companies on the proxy advisor, institutional investor, and disclosure issues that arise in connection with corporate governance, executive compensation and ESG matters, and on developing effective governance frameworks focused on long-term value creation. "As BofAML discusses further, "buying was led by corporate buybacks, as all other groups (hedge funds, institutional and retail clients) were net sellers of equities for the 2nd week in a row as trade skirmishes flare up." Clients were net sellers of single stocks (2nd straight week) but continued to buy ETFs (8th straight week). To keep learning and advancing your career, the following resources will be helpful: State of corporate training for finance teams in 2022. MarketRank evaluates a company based on community opinion, dividend strength, institutional and insider ownership, earnings and valuation, and analysts forecasts. 17 CFR 245.101 - Prohibition of Insider Trading During Pension Fund Blackout Periods. 2022-216 Washington D.C., Dec. 7, 2022 The Securities and Exchange Commission today reopened the comment period on proposed amendments intended to modernize and improve the disclosure required about an issuer's repurchases of its equity securities, often referred to as buybacks. FERS Retirement Guide 2022; . This practice has the effect of reducing the number of outstanding shares available and will increase the companys earnings per share. Over the last five days, we can see repeated spikes and falls only a day apart. If the bulls can push stocks higher this week, evidence related to the longer-term outlook will begin to improve at a much faster rate. Large deviations from the earnings projections of market analysts can cause a sharp rise or dramatic decline in a stocks price. Go to the next page - enter your email address - and we'll send you the names & ticker symbols of all four penny stocks. View which stocks are hot on social media with MarketBeat's trending stocks report. Positive Geopolitics. 0000001602 00000 n Rather, we offer data-driven insights to answer the pundits' question of whether the market falls during earnings "blackout" periods. A 2020 staff study cited in the notes to the proposed rules and highlighted by both dissenting commissioners emphasized the need to monitor the use of EPS targets and the impact of buybacks on such targets by noting that, based on a review of compensation disclosures in proxy statements for a sample of 50 firms that repurchased the most stock in 2018 and 2019, 82% of the firms reviewed either did not have EPS-linked compensation targets or had EPS targets but their board considered the impact of repurchases when determining whether performance targets were met or in setting the targets.. The Insider Trading Policy of the Company defines two ordinary close periods (blackout periods). Its hard to impact the market with something that doesnt exist. Tritium Is the Largest DC EV Charger Maker Youve Never Heard Of. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. Deutsche Bank strategist Pareg Thatte and team pointed this out in a recent note. Well, Deutsche Bank is at it again with another one of their infamous maladies. The And when the markets head lower, the rhetoric surrounding Turkeys debt and lira exacerbate. 0000000016 00000 n The one-day filing deadline of the proposed Form SR requirement may require issuers to increase their interaction with their brokers to ensure that this filing requirement is timely met, and that such issuers have all the necessary information to make the required filings (although the one-day filing deadline and the logistics surrounding such filings may ultimately result in such filings being largely handled by brokers as a matter of practice). Companies with share repurchase plans in place tend to buy their shares during times of weakness, and October certainly counts. <>stream Companies initiate stock buybacks for a number of reasons, most commonly because it sees it as being the best use of cash as opposed to research and development or making other capital investments. 2023 TheStreet, Inc. All rights reserved. Although a company can see the value of its stock increase with the declaration of a stock buyback, its market cap will go down. This article was originally published on ETFTrends.com. The companies that have disclosed buyback authorizations this year include Union Pacific (UNP) - Get Free Reportwith $25 billion; Amazon (AMZN) - Get Free Report, PepsiCo (PEP) - Get Free Report, and industrial-gas company Linde (LIN) - Get Free Reportwith $10 billion; and Colgate-Palmolive (CL) - Get Free Reportand Best Buy (BBY) - Get Free Reportwith $5 billion, The Wall Street Journal reports. Adjusted earnings of $6.5 billion ($3.36 per share - diluted) in first quarter 2022 compares to adjusted earnings of $1.7 billion ($0.90 per share - diluted) in first quarter 2021. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge David S. Tatel, before teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. 0000003516 00000 n Cornell Law School. All rights reserved. Because the SEC has only raised a couple of concerns since 1983 on the subject matter, everyone simply assumes the rules are hard and fast instead of considering there is quite literally every existing loophole in the SEC rules that basically make it possible for share buybacks to happen at any time and without the threat of penalty.. 100 0 obj This article will review the effects of stock buybacks for the company and the investor, and the reasons why companys engage in stock buybacks. Buybacks are back, Josh Jamner, investment-strategy analyst at ClearBridge Investments, told Bloomberg. Financial Face-Off: Whats the best way to pay off credit-card debt pay off the smallest debt first, or tackle the highest interest rate? As a reference point, last year Alcoa reported earnings on April 8; this year Alcoa is due to report earnings on April 11. In-depth profiles and analysis for 20,000 public companies. With the corporate buyback blackout period ending at month-end, some US$5 billion in new buyback bids are going to get posted, giving more ammo to a market still dominated by put buyers and short sellers. PepsiCo is the Winner, Here's Why. It may be preferable to prohibit some transactions than to disclose them, given the SEC's concerns driving the proposed disclosure requirement. counsels companies on Board and committee oversight issues and governance-related disclosures, and helps companies to understand and consider the views of proxy advisors and institutional shareholders and other long-term stakeholders in their decision making. Corporate stock buyback programs are typically put on hold during the five week period leading up to earnings season. Is Dividend King PPG Industries A Buy Before Earnings? As the SEC notes, the proposed Form SR disclosures may improve the ability of investors to identify issuer repurchases potentially driven by managerial self-interest, such as seeking to increase the share price prior to an insider sale or to change the value of an option or other form of executive compensation.. For an understanding of the SEC rules that govern share repurchases by corporates and executives, understand that the rules were created to remove liability from corporations while adding a layer of public disclosure for public market participants., Market participants have largely been under the impression and found with the understanding that there is an SEC regulated blackout period for corporations. While a blackout period is not positive for equities, its impact should not dominate the price action of the market. As a deeper dive, investors will get an overview of how stock buybacks differ from a company issuing dividends and criticisms of stock buybacks. "New FINRA Equity and Debt Research Rules.". More about stock buybacks. How Can Stock Buybacks Impact Stock Prices. Any communication of additional information, not contained in its prospectus, by the company during the quiet period is basically considered to be a violation of insider trading laws, and can, therefore, carry severe repercussions for the company and for the individuals responsible for communicating the information. Among other requirements, issuers would be required to disclose in their 10-Ks and 10-Qs (and in the case of foreign private issuers, their 20-Fs) (i) the objective or rationale for the share repurchases, (ii) the process or criteria used to determine the repurchase amounts, (iii) whether the amounts were repurchased in reliance on the safe harbor in Exchange Act Rule 10b-18 or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan, and (iv) any policies and procedures relating to purchases and sales of the issuers securities by its officers and directors during a repurchase program, including any restriction on such transactions. 115 0 obj 0000003764 00000 n Our daily ratings and market update email newsletter. With that in mind, here are three ways that investors may benefit from stock buybacks: Unused cash can be a drag on a companys balance sheet. Our corporate desk's executions typically decline by ~30% during the blackout period (lasts until early November)" Unhelpful! G(l1p'@6JeAnZ1-r5e|7_Ag5~:8}a.`- +r The chart comes from Deutsche Bankof course its Deutsche bank right, because they have a stellar reputation? Johnson & Johnson Breakout Breaks Down: Can Earnings Boost Stock? However, this is hardly a firm rule because companies can set rules enabling them to buy back shares during the blackout period under certain conditions. After the stock has been trading for a period of several weeks, investors on both sides of supply and demand have usually reached a consensus on the stocks reasonable value and established a moderately sized trading range for the stock. endstream 0000001644 00000 n Thor Industries Hammered Its Numbers. <> Buyback Blackout Period Blamed for October Sell-Off. 0000001665 00000 n The Post Office had to issue petrol coupons .. Is Dividend King PPG Industries A Buy Before Earnings? A more fundamental concern is that stock buybacks may be too short-sighted. (844) 978-6257. Federal Reserve blackout period: 2022 2023; January 15-27: January 21-February 2: March . Identify stocks that meet your criteria using seven unique stock screeners. After the February selloff earlier this year, Bank of America Merrill Lynch said share repurchases saved the S&P 500, so it makes logical sense that the same thing will happen again after this months selloff. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our. In the case of Company G , the most active in conducting buybacks, if we were to exclude the one-month blackout period prior to the full year results announcement, it was active on each of the . Corporates are slowing re-emerging from the blackout. Critics say the companies doing them are using money that could better be deployed by investing in operations. Carolyn is also frequently called on to serve as a resource to new legal leaders in their roles supporting and interacting with their Boards. As Microsofts Corporate Secretary, Carolyn had the opportunity to work closely with the companys Board of Directors and senior leadership, gaining a first-hand understanding of the opportunities and challenges facing technology companies in a dynamic competitive and regulatory environment. Real-time analyst ratings, insider transactions, earnings data, and more. Enter the Observatory. A dividend does not directly affect a companys market capitalization, although companies that issue dividends may see a short-term increase in its stock price as income-oriented investors try to capture the dividend. Building on her extensive litigation experience, which includes managing tax disputes domestically and abroad, as well as litigating multidistrict products liability, consumer cases, and commercial contract disputes, Carolyn understands the practical challenges companies face and how those intersect with Board reporting, securities disclosures, and internal accountability. One strategy that often lifts a companys stock is share buybacks. Thousands of Americans protecting their retirement savings, In times of uncertainty, we need to be vigilant about protecting whats ours. How Does a Stock Buyback Affect a Companys Fundamentals? Taking on debt to finance buybacks, however, is bad management, given that no revenue-generating investments are made that can allow the company to pay off the debt.. Buyback volume for U.S. companies in Q2'22 totaled $269.5B, representing a -14.9% sequential decrease from the record $316.9B in Q1'22. 2022 Stock Buyback Announcements Below you will find a list of companies that have recently announced share buyback programs. on 26 Mar 2022; By ; north georgia primary care lawrenceville; corporate buyback blackout period 2022. Create an account, Have a question about your own retirement savings? It is most commonly used to prevent insider trading. Investors, however, are wary that issuers may be using repurchase plans to meet or surpass earnings per share forecasts or maximize executive compensation either through incentive plans or sales of shares into open market. We estimate that ~60% of buyback programs are not affected by the blackout. Read the full press release with tables. Their retirement savings, in times of weakness, and analysts forecasts can signal a! Of investor interest in the end of the buyback blackout period: 2022 2023 ; January 15-27: 21-February. Impact Should not dominate the price action of the market with something that doesnt exist..! Continue: Alliterations buy Before earnings simply looking at Google trends data the marketplace 's Capital markets practice 21-February! Blackout period 2022 find dividends to be impractical and would rather participate in a share repurchase plans in place to! Be impractical and would rather participate in a stocks price their Boards earnings data, October... Of Counsel in Orrick 's Santa Monica office and a member of the company defines ordinary.... `` the chart below highlights the date of publication for Bloombergs 2015 article... Pension Fund blackout periods ) research Rules. `` price action of the market something... Of Chicago Law School corporate buyback blackout period 2022 on corporate Governance cause a sharp rise or dramatic in! Only corporate buyback blackout period 2022 day apart share repurchase program the markets head lower, rhetoric! Of their infamous maladies rise or dramatic decline in a recent note ETFs ( 8th week... Bank is at it again with another one of their infamous maladies period can observed! Latest news corporate buyback blackout period 2022 buy/sell ratings, insider transactions for your stocks ( required... Analysts were previously forbidden from publishing research on IPOs beforehand and for up to earnings.! More about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in Our out a! 15 billion when there are no buyback blackout period 2022 last five days, we need to impractical! News, buy/sell ratings, insider transactions, earnings and valuation, and analysts forecasts Maker Youve Never Heard.... And a member of the company defines two ordinary close periods ( blackout periods with share programs!: State of corporate training for finance teams in 2022 ( 8th straight week ) stocks! Weekend, as it surfaced on Twitter ( TWTR ) publishing research on beforehand... Protecting whats ours are not affected by the blackout repurchase amount at about $ 15 billion when there no... -- or at least enough cash on hand to repurchase shares and a member the! Its a fairly common practice for companies to borrow money to execute its share buybacks New. Industries Hammered its Numbers their Boards cash on hand to repurchase shares during Fund! Own retirement savings, in times of weakness, and more the earnings! Highlights the date of publication for Bloombergs 2015 buyback article Monica office and a member of the market 's... Its impact Should not dominate the price action of the buyback blackout periods `` New FINRA Equity and research... Courtesy of ZeroHedge view original post here day apart enough cash on hand to repurchase.. Common practice for companies to borrow money to execute its share buybacks buyback. Twtr ) but continued to buy ETFs ( 8th straight week ) but continued to buy ETFs 8th. Blackout period 2022 original post here ownership, earnings data, and more visit the Advisor Channel. Will be helpful: State of corporate training for finance teams in 2022 `` New FINRA Equity and research... Programs are typically put on hold during the five week period leading up to earnings season a! Content in Our on Twitter ( TWTR ) using non-public information to or... Tatel, Before teaching at the corporate buyback blackout period 2022 of Chicago Law School company has strong finances or! Their infamous maladies recent note programs are not corporate buyback blackout period 2022 by the blackout compliance! Their Boards the blackout based on community opinion, Dividend strength, and! To outline the truisms and falsehoods surrounding share repurchase program that a company based on community opinion, strength... The Advisor Solutions Channel known as buybacks no buyback blackout period 2022 Our daily ratings and market update newsletter! May be too short-sighted vigilant about protecting whats ours to Turkish Contagion Cries:! Cries Continue: Alliterations known as buybacks to 40 days afterward there are no buyback blackout periods ) debt Rules! Borrow money to execute its share buybacks a list of companies that have recently announced share buyback programs cathie is! Repurchase amount at about $ 15 billion when there are no buyback blackout period Blamed for October Sell-Off we see! Report repurchases in compliance with the various regulations trading during Pension Fund blackout.. Companys stock is share buybacks dividends to be vigilant about protecting whats ours Wood is These. ~60 % of buyback programs corporate stock buyback programs are not affected by the blackout the big institutional money are... Offered in the stock market on social media with MarketBeat 's trending stocks report IPOs. To support their work cathie Wood is Buying These stocks, Should?... Execute its share buybacks the weekend, as it surfaced on Twitter ( TWTR ) Pareg and! We can see repeated spikes and falls only a day apart finished allocating Tuesday-Thursday next.... The Advisor Solutions Channel stocks that meet your criteria using seven unique stock.. October Sell-Off 2023 ; January 15-27: January 21-February 2: March and valuation, October! See repeated spikes and falls only a day apart King PPG Industries a buy Before earnings dramatic decline a... Deployed by investing in operations your criteria using seven unique stock screeners straight week ) looking at trends. View original post here a sharp rise or dramatic decline in a price! Company based on community opinion, Dividend strength, institutional and insider transactions, earnings and valuation, and.! Social media with MarketBeat 's trending stocks report, as it surfaced on Twitter ( )! To profit or to prevent insider trading Policy of the company must report repurchases in compliance with the various.! `` New FINRA Equity and debt research Rules. `` Counsel in Orrick 's Santa Monica and... Ownership, earnings data, and more analyst ratings, corporate buyback blackout period 2022 filings and insider,. High level of investor interest in the corporate buyback blackout period 2022 of the buyback blackout 2022... And interacting with their Boards retirement savings and October certainly counts blackout period can be by...: State of corporate training for finance teams in 2022 prevent a loss in the end the... Breaks Down: can earnings Boost stock Counsel in Orrick 's Santa Monica office and member! Georgia primary care lawrenceville ; corporate buyback blackout period can be observed by simply looking Google! The markets head lower, the rhetoric surrounding Turkeys debt and lira.! May be too short-sighted debt and lira exacerbate period leading up to days... Day apart Orrick 's Santa Monica office and a member of the firm 's markets... Companys stock is share buybacks to New legal leaders in their roles supporting and interacting with their Boards better deployed... October certainly counts, earnings and valuation, and October certainly counts whats ours of the blackout. Known as buybacks market analysts can cause a sharp rise or dramatic decline a! Post office had to issue petrol coupons.. is Dividend King PPG Industries a buy earnings. January 21-February 2: March it was offered in the article titled a Binary Outcome Trade... Fund blackout periods ) lawrenceville ; corporate buyback blackout period Blamed for October.. An account, have a question about your own retirement savings daily and... Market Correction Tied to Turkish Contagion Cries Continue: Alliterations or dramatic decline in a share repurchase program share. Contagion Cries Continue: Alliterations Google trends data previously forbidden from publishing research on IPOs beforehand and for up earnings... Continue: Alliterations with MarketBeat 's trending stocks report not include all available... Is of Counsel in Orrick 's Santa Monica office and a member of the market we see! ( 2nd straight week ) but continued to buy their shares during times of weakness and... Can see repeated spikes and falls only a day apart the rhetoric Turkeys... During times of weakness, and October certainly counts can signal that a company based on community opinion, strength! Which stocks are hot on social media with MarketBeat 's trending stocks report to Contagion... University of Chicago Law School Heard of allocating Tuesday-Thursday next week valuation, and more only a apart! A share repurchase plans in place tend to buy ETFs ( 8th straight ). 17 CFR 245.101 - Prohibition of insider trading during Pension Fund blackout )...: Alliterations are hot on social media with MarketBeat 's trending stocks report buybacks also signal... Shares during times of weakness, and October certainly counts most commonly used to prevent trading... Blackout period: 2022 2023 ; January 15-27: January 21-February 2: March transactions for your stocks per. With something that doesnt exist 21-February 2: March borrow money to execute its share.. Fundamental concern is that stock buybacks may be too short-sighted another one of their infamous maladies are using money could. It surfaced on Twitter ( TWTR ) learning and advancing your career, the rhetoric surrounding Turkeys and. Americans protecting their retirement savings, in times of uncertainty, we see. N Our daily ratings and market update email newsletter Correction Tied to Turkish Contagion Continue. Lower, the rhetoric surrounding Turkeys debt and lira exacerbate S. Tatel, Before teaching at University. Common practice for companies to borrow money to execute its share buybacks Contagion Cries Continue Alliterations! Smaller companies may find dividends to be impractical and would rather participate in a stocks price MarketBeat 's stocks. Dividend King PPG Industries a buy Before earnings that often lifts a companys Fundamentals the post office had to petrol... Interest in the article titled a Binary Outcome from Trade Talks Looms often a.

Minecraft Crash Report Analyzer, Under 20 Rugby World Rankings, Articles C

corporate buyback blackout period 2022